Data Structures

Dictionaries

A dictionary stores key: value pairs, like a real dictionary stores words and meanings.

student = {"name": "Sara", "marks": 92, "city": "Lahore"}

print(student["name"])            # Sara
print(student.get("age", "N/A"))  # N/A (safe default)

student["marks"] = 95             # update
student["course"] = "Python"      # add
del student["city"]               # remove

for key, value in student.items():
    print(key, "->", value)

Output

Sara
N/A
name -> Sara
marks -> 95
course -> Python

Method	Returns
`keys()`	All keys
`values()`	All values
`items()`	(key, value) pairs
`get(k, default)`	Value or a default
`update(dict)`	Merge another dict in