Control Flow

Ternary Operator

A short if...else that returns a value.

Syntax:

condition ? valueIfTrue : valueIfFalse

const age = 17;
const status = age >= 18 ? "Adult" : "Minor";
console.log(status);

Output

Minor

Nullish and optional chaining

const user = { name: "Ali" };
console.log(user.nickname ?? "No nickname"); // ?? gives a default for null/undefined
console.log(user.address?.city);             // ?. stops safely → undefined